“Call for high prices!”

“Interesting, but I can’t find out how much it costs!”

That was the reaction after I sent a colleague a link to an ASP that, ironically, provides online billing services."How much does it cost?"

And what a tease it was.  The site even included this:

That’s why we offer a set of simple fixed price implementation packages to help you get started. Our team of experts can get your bills out on time and your cash coming in quickly.

There was no pricing information to be found online, just a phone number posted prominently.

For most online products and services today, the absence of a “Pricing” tab is a sure indication that a company’s products or services are expensive or confusingly priced.

In effect, the absence of clear information often equates to, “Our product is so expensive and complex that we have to employ sales people to get you to buy it.  As a result, we have to charge you more because we’ve got to pay for their salary, benefits, and commission, plus the additional overhead to manage them.”

“Please contact sales” also means, “I can’t buy it right now.  I have to wait for someone to get back to me and then I have to explain what I’m looking for and then listen to their sales pitch and then . . . ”

In all cases, the result is lost sales.

Some managers delude themselves into believing that their product or service is so compelling that potential buyers will put up with the inconvenience of having to contact sales to learn pricing.  Unless your business is a monopoly and your product or service has no substitutes, the response of a competitor to simply provide some pricing information online is the superior (and zero marginal cost) strategy.

If your company is trying to decide whether or not to post prices online, walk each member of your management team through this simple market research exercise: “What did you do the last time you were looking for something online and had a choice between a company that published prices and one that said, ‘Call for pricing?’”

Despite the obvious appeal to each of us when we’re buying products or services, some believe that when we’re a seller we shouldn’t publish prices.  These are some of these reasons heard:

  • We don’t want our competitors to know our prices—Do you really think they don’t already know them?  How would you respond if one of your product managers or sales executives told you, “I don’t know what they charge and don’t have any idea of how to find out?”  You expect your folks to know what your competitors charge; they doubtless know what you charge.
  • Our product is complex—Companies don’t have to publish prices for every configuration.  Instead, they can publish prices for a typical configuration.  We see this approach from car companies, among others.  If you believe that your product is so complex that you can’t do this, you have far-greater problems than just pricing.
  • We don’t want to scare off potential buyers—One of the primary goals of publishing pricing is to enable the potential customer to self-select.  If you could get the potential buyer to contact you, what would your salesperson say that would cause a potential buyer to remain interested despite a price that’s higher than what he she wants to pay (relative to other similar products and services)?  If the salesperson has information that’s so compelling, why isn’t this information available online?
  • Each customer situation is different—As noted above, this should not be an objection to publishing pricing for different configurations or bundles in order to give potential buyers an idea of what they might pay.
  • We don’t set the price, our retailers do—Other industries have figured out that the way to deal with this is through quoting suggested retail prices or linking to the product on the sites of retailers.
  • The price changes frequently—Stock exchanges, airlines, hotels, and many others have figured out how to keep online prices up-to-date.  This is a solved problem.
  • We can charge more—This is a more logical argument and it’s based on the idea of price discrimination.  Specifically, that you can charge someone more if they value the item more (and are able to pay more).  Buyers, however, also understand this, and the suspicion that prices are significantly different undermines the credibility of the seller.  Confirmation that prices are substantially different can cause a buyer to terminate a relationship with a seller and to broadcast his or her negative experience.

Discussions on the floor of the Internet World tradeshow in London recently highlighted these and other behaviors in the offline world when we went searching for an e-mail ASP that made sense for the b-to-b supplier Zingzam.

Panorama view of the floor of Internet World 2010 in London

We started down the aisle, stopping into the booths of some providers.  We heard them describe their service and we described our very modest needs.  Eventually the discussion turned to pricing and we quickly discovered it was more expensive than made sense for us.  After a few stops, we decided to simply start with, “What’s your minimum price?”  Invariably, this led to, “Why don’t you sit down and let’s talk about . . .”  We were able to cut these short by simply asking, “Is it less than £X ?”

A few times we were fooled.  Once we’d got past the minimum when one supplier said, “We can probably work with you . . .” only to discover that they wanted £100/month to use their API to transfer customer or lead information from our database to theirs.  Since the marginal cost to make the API available should be effectively zero, the only reason this charge exists in a competitive market is because buyers are ignorant.  Essentially, the attitude of the seller is, “We break this out so we can quote a low monthly charge and then add this back in later—and you’re dumb enough to pay it.”  Oddly, they didn’t charge for e-mail or FTP transfer, both of which would be much more expensive for them than using an API.

The other instance was at a booth with the sign, “E-mail as a service.  Only pay for what you use.”  Finally, we’d found the supplier with the business model and pricing for us.  Everything was going along fine until he added, “And there’s a £3,095 one-time set-up fee.”  As above, this is simply another pricing strategy that enables them to quote a low per-unit price in the belief that buyers will fail to compare total expected annual costs across suppliers.

All of which is a reminder that depending on your potential buyers to be and remain stupid is rarely a winning strategy (the high ratings of reality TV shows notwithstanding).

Posted in Channels, Online commerce, Price competition | Leave a comment

Launching next week in London: Zingzam (not another Ning)

Next week at Internet World 2010 in London we’ll launch a new community platform, Zingzam.  Created by Fife Ventures, a software development and systems integration boutique in London, the platform is designed for building and growing high-productivity, knowledge-centric communities Zingzam: Smarter online communities. Smarter you.

The major shake up at Ning last week has drawn new attention to this sector and to this start-up.  Unlike Ning and many others, the focus of the Zingzam platform is on increasing member productivity in communities focused on skills and knowledge, rather on purely social or fan/hobbyist engagement.    Examples include developer communities; communities of channel partners, or buyers and customers; professional organizations; internal coordination and communication; community groups; registered charities; and educational institutions, among others.

Zingzam combines discussion, wiki, blogs, reporting, and other tools into a straightforward hosted solution for a fixed monthly fee o£ 79 / € 99 / $ 109.  (See the note below for a 30-day free trial.)  Communities can carry the brand and URL of the sponsor, and they can be open to all or only to members.

In the coming weeks, Zingzam will announce initial customers, including a well-known organization that selected Zingzam for their developer program after evaluating a long list of alternatives.  And in the months ahead there will be announcements of new feature sets aligned with the needs of specific verticals.

As we look ahead to the launch next week, a thank you to Marc Nager, co-CEO of Startup Weekend, whose months-long experience selecting and implementing a community platform helped inform the Zingzam product design.

Tip: If you’ve not attended a Startup Weekend, you should.  You can get an idea of the experience by reading the posts and viewing the video from the event in Boston several months ago.  And if you’re in or near Boston, you can register for the event coming up in June.

And to Kate Dickman, an early innovator in social media and a long-time community manager.  Today she manages Panasonic’s Living in HD community and her experiences with a variety of major platforms helped refine the Zingzam feature set.

If you’re at Internet World in Earls Court next week—exhibit hall passes are available free if you register in advance–stop by Booth E8150.  If you’re interested in learning more, sign up for the announcement e-mail list or get an advance look at the Zingzam brochure to be distributed at the show.

There is 30-day free trial.  No credit card or contract required.  If you check out the platform, please send feedback and suggestions for the product roadmap.

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BarCamp Boston 5 and History 2.0

Thanks to all who attended my session on History 2.0 at Boston BarCamp 5, and to everyone who asked questRead Write Historyions, introduced themselves afterward, and volunteered to roll up their sleeves and take a closer look.  It was great discussion with lots of potential for progress on several fronts.

Slides and additional background are in this post at Read Write History, the site I maintain for discussing the future of history.

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“The responsibility for this company to be successful is not just with the C.E.O. It’s them.”

Three firms, each once dominant in their industry, are attempting to transform their operations and culture, and while it won’t be clear for a few years whether or not they will succeed, it is fascinating and instructive (and sometimes painful) to watch:

Microsoft employees in 1978 at company headquarters in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Microsoft employees in 1978 at company headquarters in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

  • Microsoft, where a long-time, hard-charging number two has taken the reins from the man who founded the firm in 1975 and led it from a small handful of people to one of the world’s largest and most important companies.
  • Nokia, a firm whose ascendancy to a dominant position globally was relatively recent.  In the last three years they have been eclipsed in industry leadership and market capitalization, and in the consumer imagination, by two firms who entered the industry within the last couple of years, Apple (June 2007) and Google (September 2008)—and one of them doesn’t even make phones.

The company is now led by a long-serving senior executive who, while he preaches change, says following a brutal analyst meeting, We are not getting the benefit of the doubt.  Adding, We need to change that.

To this, a long-time friend and Nokia alum who worked closely with many of the company’s senior executives,  commented,

That would be your challenge!  No one owes Nokia “benefit of the doubt” – you earn your way with cool, with “it” products at the right price, and that alone sustains a company.  No amount of marketing or PR will save a substandard product.

  • General Motors, a firm that once personified American industry, as shown in this ad in happier days . . .



    . . . 12 months ago underwent one of the largest Federal intrusions ever in private industry and is now led by Ed Whitacre, an industry outsider who famously proclaimed, “I don’t know anything about cars” the day after he was appointed.  (Lesson 1: Lower expectations.)  Whitacre, a former telecom exec, has words appropriate for a firm of any size,

I want to make sure people understand that the responsibility for this company to be successful is not just with the C.E.O.  It’s them.

My style is really just to say, “Let’s get going, let’s do something, let’s move, and let’s not be constrained by something that has happened in the past.  Nobody is going to be fired for trying something new around here.

Some of the world’s most storied companies have faced major challenges that knocked them from their perch atop their industry.  Some turned themselves around after many counted them out, only to return as an industry leader.  Disney and IBM come to mind.  Others are works in progress, including Sony, Kodak, Ford, and Boeing.  And there are recent stars that are struggling, some with new leadership, such as Yahoo!, and others with largely the same management team, such as eBay.

Whether one leads a large company or a small one, it’s fascinating and instructive to watch all these companies.  The trick, of course, is knowing whether one is observing success or failure in the making.

Note: I’ve set set aside firms in the financial and health care industries, the shape and future of which will be greatly affected by Federal legislative and regulatory changes, and firms in any industry that can be easily digitized (e.g., newspapers, magazines, recorded music), which are all being radically transformed by the web.

Regarding the latter, this quote, attributed to Warren Buffet, comes to mind: When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for bad economics, it is usually the reputation of the business that remains intact.

Posted in Industry evolution, Leadership and innovation, Management challenges, The economy | Leave a comment

The Federal Office of Science and Technology Policy heads off to battle

Like all large, long-lived organizations that believe they are immune from the brutal force with which technology and innovation reshape the world, the government, and especially the Federal government, struggles to understand whether they should do anything, and if so what, in leveraging the web and sharing information broadly.

(Note: The private sector is replete with examples of large, successful, entrenched organizations that thought themselves immune.  Nortel, Polaroid, DEC, and Data General (below), are a few of many.)

Nonetheless, there are several initiatives underway, some of which have the potential to make an important difference.  One of them concerns public access to Federally-funded research and began earlier this week with the Federal Office of Science and Technology Policy’s announcement of an online forum on this issue.  The fact that the question is being asked at all, and that the discussion is public and online, is in and of itself progress.

However, the topics to be discussed—implementation (12/10 – 20), features and technology (12/21 – 31), and management (1/1 – 7)—suggest that the operating assumption may be that any new effort will require rules, infrastructure, and headcount.

My comment, as a resource-constrained entrepreneur (and taxed taxpayer), advocates a different approach:

While raising this issue is progress, it will only matter if and when something is implemented.  Rather than cautious small measures made after lengthy deliberation and implemented over a period of years, why not take a revolutionary, innovative approach and do something simply, cheaply now.

Starting January 1:

- Grant applications are made public upon submission.
- Progress and results reports are made public upon submission.
- All research that includes Federal funding of any sort must disclose the amount of the funding and the agency giving the grant when the research is published or presented in any medium.

This requires no cost and only a few minutes of time. Use existing documents, which means the cost of creation is zero, and existing publishing infrastructure, such as scribd.com, which is free to all and already used widely by the SEC and other Federal organizations.  (My document stream on scribd, most of which concerns historic preservation.)

The excellent search (full-text, author, keywords, tags) will take care of discovery.  Free tools enable embedding documents in web pages and blog posts.

Implementation is as simple as requiring all grant requests going forward to include a standard compliance line that places the burden on those submitting grant requests.  And for those individuals, their only cost would be uploading already-created documents, which takes less than 5 min./document.

Finally, if instituting this in a few days seems unfathomable, make it January 1, 2011.  Either way, let’s make it incredibly simple and straightforward to understand, very cheap/free to implement, and comprehensive in scope.

It will be interesting to see if and when progress is made.  Meaningful change is very hard in any  bureaucracy.

There is one area in which states do face a direct and compelling challenge that often motivates them to adopt new technology: Warfare.



The management team at Data General, a company founded in 1968 by former DEC execs, would have been advised to pay closer attention to the message in their own commercial.  The company, which rode the minicomputer boom up and down as technology and competition evolved, was acquired by EMC (founded in 1979).  EMC promptly closed down or sold off everything except Data General’s storage business.

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“Sounds difficult. Let’s try it.”

Boston Startup Weekend gets underway Friday night in Cambridge.

Boston Startup Weekend gets underway Friday night in Cambridge.

Startup Weekend Boston was a great reminder of  . . .

  • the ability of interested individuals to self-organize
  • the way in which small groups of creative individuals can rapidly iterate, going from idea to fleshed-out concept in short order
  • the passion and commitment that fuels people to work late into Saturday night and then be up and at it at 9 a.m. (or earlier) on Sunday morning

Few people better illustrate the opportunity that is Startup Weekend and the drive and creativity of the participants than Ray Crandall, a 21 year old developer who took the train in from the Berkshires for this weekend event.  During his trip,  he designed a personal business card and when he arrived had them printed.   A short while later he was meeting people and handing out his cards as Startup Weekend got underway Friday night in Cambridge.

When I met him that evening he explained that, where he lives, there really isn’t much interest in doing start-ups, and that he hopes to move to Boston or Cambridge some day to be part of the start-up scene.

Fast forward to Sunday night and the presentations and judging: There he is—with three different groups.  Turns out he pitched in not just in one team but three.

And after the presentations he told me that he was offered a lot of contract work from the leader of one of his teams, and as a result, he was going to quit his job and move to Boston now. is moving to Boston in January and supporting his current employer’s site remotely as he dives into the local Boston/Cambridge start-up scene.

Perhaps I should have seen it coming.  After all, his business card included this: “Sounds difficult.  Let’s try it.”

Words to live by.

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The new new thing

In the echo chamber that is the web, a reassuring voice is never far away.

Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a comment

Of rubber boots and TV knobs

Today’s Wall Street Journal reported on consolidation in LCD manufacturing with the agreement of Innolux Display Corp. to buy Chi Mei Optoelectronics, both of Taiwan, in a $5.3 billion stock deal.

Innolux was founded six years ago by Terry Gou, who also founded and is chairman of Hon Hai Precision Industry, the world’s largest ( by revenue) contract manufacturing firm.   Among their customers are Sony, Apple, Motorola, and Nokia.   (This excellent August 2007 Wall Street Journal article profiles Gou and his company.)

How did Hon Hai get it’s start?  By “making knobs for black-and-white TV sets.”

One model of Nokian boots offered today.

One model of Nokian boots offered today.

One of those customers, Nokia, got it’s start in wood pulp in 1865, and later made a name for itself in rubber boots and tires.  It wasn’t until the 1990s that Nokia began to focus on telecom.  In 1990  the rubber boots business was spun out as Nokian.  Two years later Nokia released their first GSM phone.

One of the biggest challenges facing any leader is determining the company’s direction and allocating the resources across many different opportunities.

In the case of these two companies, both multi-billion dollar global firms, the earlier decisions—to give up tires and knobs and focus on telecom and electronics—seem obvious.  That’s seldom the case when you’re in the midst of making those decisions.

Today, faced with a rapidly-changing landscape, the management team at Nokia has reorganized (more than once), acquired several companies, and launched new services in an effort to better compete in this new world.  Whether Nokia can remake itself this time, as they’ve done many times over their long history, is far from clear.

Posted in Industry evolution, Leadership and innovation, Management challenges, New product/service introduction | 1 Comment

A bridge too late

Verizon Wireless confirmed that they’re going to stop selling their “Hub” home phone product.

The Hub from Verizon

The Hub from Verizon

When the Hub was launched nine months ago, their press release claimed . . .

Only Verizon Wireless can launch a new touch screen home phone system designed to replace old-style home phones with a souped-up home communications system, bridging wireline and wireless connectivity in one simple service, that runs on any broadband connection – whether supplied by Verizon FiOS Internet or DSL or any other high-speed service provider.

Unfortunately, it was a bridge too late.

One of the biggest challenges for any company, especially one in a rapidly-evolving market, is bringing the right product at the right price to the market at the right time via the right channel.

Verizon’s Hub came to late to overcome these three factors:

  • Lifestyle trends: Consumers are moving on, replacing landline service with mobile service at a rapid rate, often the result of a move.  The cohort behavior is even stronger.  Kids get mobile phone and phone number from a young age.  Once they leave college, they’re unlikely to  even consider landline service.  After all, their network of friends has their mobile phone number–their number, really–and isn’t that who their friends are trying to reach, the person, not a phone screwed to a wall in a house?
  • Technological trends: Increasingly your mobile phone is more likely to be a smartphone, which means most of the capabilities of the Hub are with you wherever you go, without having to buy yet another device.  And your computer is more likely to be a laptop with a wireless connection, giving you some of the functions of the Hub along with convenient data entry and display without additional equipment.
  • Consumer behavior: The Hub, a shiny new technology gadget, is most likely to appeal to early adopters, who are just the folks who are dropping their landline and using smartphones.   And for the rest, the Hub wasn’t sufficiently compelling to overcome the headaches associated with integrating it into their network and their life.

Verizon is to be commended for killing the product so soon after they launched it.

The current issue of WIRED has a great article on Netflix and the several attempts they made, starting in 2000, to create and launch a movie downloading or streaming service.  It’s a story of envisioning the future, leading a group to help create it, and killing or spinning off the effort when they believed that what they were building wasn’t sufficiently compelling.

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The company – customer disconnect

A recent survey (link to slides) sponsored by PowerReviews, a company that provides a product review service, is another reminder of the disconnect between companies and their customers.

The surprising finding, as shown in the first chart below: Not the importance of reviews or the popularity of social media–Facebook, Twitter, and the like–but the very low use of the old fashioned suggestion box.  Of those companies surveyed, only 1 in 5 has a way for people to directly make suggestions and fully 1 in 3 have no plans to add this capability in the future.  By contrast, more than 8 out of 10 have a Facebook fan page.

Now compare the expected or perceived impact on sales of social media tools with the impact of a suggestion box.  As the second chart shows, after product reviews (ranked first by 78% of respondents), the ability to supply product suggestions is thought to make a much larger contribution to sales than any of the social media tools: 41% versus 26% for Facebook Connect, 13% for a Facebook fan page, and 7% for Twitter.

Chart: Current and planned use of social media and other tools.

Chart: Current and planned use of social media and other tools.

Chart: Social media's expected impact on sales.

Chart: Social media's expected impact on sales.

What’s going on here?

Three things:

  1. Keeping up: Social media is all the rage and has made the leap from tech-centric early adopters to broad adoption in society. And if the marketing folks haven’t already set something up, they’re prodded by executives who ask, “Do we have a Facebook for our company?”  (Yes, that’s the way they talk.)  Setting something up on Facebook is simple and fast, so in no time their company is using social media.  Voila!  Transformation!
  2. Linking tactics to sales: In most organizations, there is no comprehensive way to link sales to marketing tactics.  (Web-based businesses have a much easier time of this than those companies sell through multiple channels.)
  3. Really listening: Customers want to connect directly in meaningful ways with a company in order to get products and services that better meet their needs.

It’s this last driver that ties all of this together.

  • Customer reviews: “Here’s what I think of the product/service I just bought from your company.”  And often, “I wish it . . . “
  • Suggestion box: “Please make or change or do this . . .”

Facebook, Twitter, viral videos, forums, and blogs are vehicles for expressing those views.

Implications

Marketing is too often the implementation of tactics.  These survey results are a reminder that it’s the content of the communications and the intent of the parties involved that really matters.

Even marketers, in their heart of hearts, understand that customers want companies to listen to their concerns.

The never-ending challenge for marketers is getting their company to listen, and for senior executives, getting their company to respond.

Survey details: The e-tailing group/PowerReviews 1st Annual Community and Social Media Survey, September 2009.  (The slides are here, and oddly not on Slideshare, the social media site that has great tools for displaying, discussing, and embedding notable presentations.)

Posted in Channels, Consumer behavior, Leadership and innovation, Management challenges, Marketing, New product/service introduction, Social media | Tagged , , | Leave a comment